您有两个选择：

1.使用协议

将超类定义为协议而不是类

Pro：编译时检查每个“子类”(不是实际的子类)是否实现了所需的方法

Con：“超类”(协议)不能实现方法或属性

2.在方法的超级版本中断言

示例：

class SuperClass {
    func someFunc() {
        fatalError("Must Override")
    }
}

class Subclass : SuperClass {
    override func someFunc() {
    }
}

Pro：可以在超类中实现方法和属性

Con：无编译时检查

下面的代码允许从类继承，还允许对协议的编译时进行检查:)

protocol ViewControllerProtocol {
    func setupViews()
    func setupConstraints()
}

typealias ViewController = ViewControllerClass & ViewControllerProtocol

class ViewControllerClass : UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        self.setup()
    }

    func setup() {
        guard let controller = self as? ViewController else {
            return
        }

        controller.setupViews()
        controller.setupConstraints()
    }

    //.... and implement methods related to UIViewController at will

}

class SubClass : ViewController {

    //-- in case these aren't here... an error will be presented
    func setupViews() { ... }
    func setupConstraints() { ... }

}

class SuperClass {}

protocol SuperClassProtocol {
    func someFunc()
}

typealias SuperClassType = SuperClass & SuperClassProtocol


class Subclass: SuperClassType {
    func someFunc() {
        // ...
    }
}

protocol SomeProtocol {
    func someMethod()
}

class SomeClass: SomeProtocol {
    func someMethod() {}
}

open class SuperClass {
    private let abstractFunction: (SuperClass) -> Void

    public init(abstractFunction: @escaping (SuperClass) -> Void) {
        self.abstractFunction = abstractFunction
    }

    public func foo() {
        // ...
        abstractFunction(self)
    }
}

public class SubClass: SuperClass {
    public init() {
        super.init(
            abstractFunction: {
                (_self: SuperClass) in
                let _self: SubClass = _self as! SubClass
                print("my implementation")
            }
        )
    }
}